What is the acceptable temperature range for hot water in domestic plumbing systems?

The acceptable temperature range for hot water in domestic plumbing systems is primarily between 120°F and 140°F. This range is recognized for several reasons. Firstly, 120°F is considered a safe temperature that helps prevent scalding, particularly for children and the elderly, while still being warm enough for effective cleaning and sanitation.

Additionally, keeping the temperature at or below 140°F helps reduce the risk of scalding injuries while ensuring that the water is sufficiently hot to maintain effectiveness in killing bacteria and other pathogens. Temperatures above 140°F significantly increase the risk of burns which is a critical consideration in plumbing design and safety guidelines.

Other choices fall outside this commonly accepted range. Temperatures below 120°F may not provide adequate sanitation, while temperatures above 140°F pose health risks without substantial benefits in typical household use. Therefore, the selected temperature range is optimal for balancing safety, efficiency, and functionality in domestic plumbing systems.